Grandamas Memories of the Great Depression Essay

The Great Depression began in October of 1929 when the stock values in the United States dropped rapidly. Thousands of stockholders lost large sums of money-or were even wiped out. Many people had to depend on the government or charity for food. Many of the stories about the Depression have been told about the large cities and their struggles to live a life of poverty after being used to the luxurious lifestyle. However, those accounts do not reflect the true damage caused by this economic plunge. The many country folk that inhabit the area around Tennessee had a somewhat different recollection of this time period. The stories told by the people who had lost all of their money in the stock market are stories of doom and despair, but†¦show more content†¦He died, the stuff crushed his insides. Before the death of her husband, Vergie had to do anything possible for money, because Jim was unable to work in his condition. She took up the job of washing and ironing for several of the CC boys. When asked how much she made from doing this laundry, she replied, I washed for nine of them (CC Boys) and uh, a dollar and a half a piece. That is a lot more money than most of the people could make during this hard time. The death of her husband brought a single check from the government for the amount of thirty seven dollars. The money that she earned was used to buy some food, mainly beans and potatoes and cornbread, milk and butter and eggs. Food was in the most part grown right there at the house. A small garden provided the necessary vegetables, a cow provided milk, and chickens provided eggs and Sunday dinner. The animals were primarily kept for the services that they provided, but when they needed food, the cows, chickens, and pigs were there for the eatin. Rita Van Amber, the au thor of Stories and Recipes of the Great Depression of the 1930s, quotes a women by the name of Audrey Samplowski as saying, We didnt have beef often at all. Unless the cow didnt get pregnant or broke a leg or something.(Amber 18) The feed sacks that held the food for these animals were printed with different designs and they doubled as material for clothing, They would be cut into a pattern and stitched together by hand

The Impact Of Internal Stakeholders On Business...

There are numerous reasons why internal stakeholders especially employees resist change in their workplace such as transfer or change in position, a different business process or use of new technology. The major reason why they fear change is due to bad management of change. In recent years, technological growth, changes in business environment and the global economy have forced organizations to change the way they do business. Unfortunately, whether stakeholders like it or not, change is here to stay. Any organizations which will not create any changes risk were being left behind, forgotten, risk competitors driving them out of business or perhaps even shutting down the company. Most stakeholders prefer predictability and stability in their professional lives. So, they typically avoid situations that upset the order of things, technological changes, threaten their self-interests, increase stress, or involve risks in the project. The concern continues and, in some cases will increase till they are able to recognize the advantages of change and perceive the gains to be worth more than the risk or threats to their self-interests. I as a project manager should know that people resist change because of lack of communication – on the what, why, when, how, who and also the support required for those affected of the proposed change. The major reason why stakeholders resist change in their workplace is with the fear of losing their jobs or changing positions due to new businessShow MoreRelatedThe Sustainability Strategy of Virgin Groups Corporate1497 Words   |  6 Pagesgenerations to meet their own needs.† (G3.1 Guidelines, 2011, p4) This study report on a survey of the Virgin Groups sustainability report that summarize the Virgin companies’ sustainability strategy, evaluating the sustainability report based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) principle, to comment performance indicators and making recommendations, which can improve the sustainability report. Virgin Groups Corporate responsibility and sustainable development report 2010 emphasizes the range ofRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Pestel Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesA PESTEL analysis is a technique used to assess the external factors that may impact a firm (Cadle, et al. 2010). 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The way a supplier behaves tends to have a direct impact on the business. For instance, in a situation where the supplier provides poor services, it affects the quality of the products. It is, consequently, very vital to maintain a closeRead MoreSupply Chain Sustainability ( Scs )1505 Words   |  7 Pagescan bring to the relevant stakeholders. The final section of the report illustrates how to developing and implementing a sustainable supply chain strategy in business environment. The examples of Starbucks and IKEA as the sustainable supply chain org anizations are used to support the sustainable view in this report. There also are some other examples used in this report. 1. INTRODUCTION As the fast development of the global economy, sustainability has been

The War Of The United States - 1122 Words

Swimming against a current of pro-war fervor, McKinley stuck to his guns and persisted on remaining diplomatic with the investigation of the Maine explosion still ongoing. This seemed to infuriate the entire nation. Jingoists in congress, yellow journalists and the American public were clamoring for Spanish blood after the Maine, and to them McKinley came across as a feeble leader. McKinley offered one last chance for Spain to avoid war by agreeing to an armistice. He thought that the Spanish would understand that it would be a foolish decision to engage in war with a rising US power. The negative Spanish response did not leave McKinley with many options. McKinley was forced to step aside from his peaceful ideology and look at the†¦show more content†¦McKinley turned to General Dewey to lead an assault on the Spanish fleet in the Philippines not only to prevent an attack on the west coast, but to also make sure that the Spanish fleet was decimated. Similar to the insurrection in Cuba, the Philippines had a loosely organized resistance led by Emilio Aguinaldo, who was ebullient to see the American fleet roll into town. Aguinaldo rationed that as a former colony itself, the United States would understand that as soon as the Spanish were gone, the Filipinos should be left to their own vices. This of course was not the case. Keeping with McKinley’s continually changing, yet pragmatic outlook on the war, once the Spanish fleet was dealt with, he began to entertain the idea of sending ground troops to seize and hold the capital Manila. There are many logical explanations to explain why McKinley would see the Philippines as a worthwhile land endeavor. Miller contends that McKinley saw the Philippines as an economic opportunity; a place where US ships could refuel and make repairs. Moreover, the increase in 10,000 land troops signaled that McKinley had two publicized ideas for the overall land invasion strategy: To reduce the influence of the Spanish in the area and to introduce order and security to a country that seemed to be wanting. This would not sit well with Aguinaldo and his insurgents as they eventually traded the Spanish for the Americans in their fight for independence. After the

Code Of Ethics For Nurses - 1614 Words

Code of Ethics for Nurses The American Nurses Association (ANA) established the code of ethics for nurses to serve as a foundation for practice and nursing standards. Nurses that enter the field are educated on the code of ethics and its provisions that make up the balanced foundation that is used to this day. The code of ethics is to be honored by every nurse, and every nurse should know their ethical obligation to their patients (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2015). This approach encompasses how to deliver safe patient care and sets a guideline for the nurse to carry out duties in a professional, responsible, and ethical manner (ANA, 2015). Nurses have a trusting relationship with patients, family members, and even the community. Accompanying this relationship comes other responsibilities and ethical issues that can arise at any time. Nurses are required to make rapid decisions and think quickly, but when faced with a dilemma nurses should still refer back to the code of ethic s in their practice to provide optimal care and prevent any malpractice errors (ANA, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to identify ethical concepts from the weekly readings that are discussed in the code of ethics; and analyze a personal experience to identify ethical concepts that support or challenge ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, honesty, justice, and respect for autonomy. The ANA has nine provision but only four will be discussed that are relevant to theShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics For Nurses1274 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics for Nurses In the nursing profession, nurses often find ethical reasoning that not only evaluates actions and their results, but also questions why we perceive certain incidences to be paramount for us as humans. Ethics attempts to decide how actions are deemed right or wrong. 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International Trade Theories Comparative Analysis of Poland and Vietn

Question: Discuss about theInternational Trade Theoriesfor Comparative Analysis of Poland and Vietnam. Answer: Absolute Advantage of Poland and Vietnam Total volume of trade in Vietnam is higher in Poland compared to Vietnam. Volume of trade as a percentage of GDP is 91.9% for Poland and 160.07% for Vietnam. Among the total volume of trade, Vietnam export has 86.4.5% share in countrys GDP. Poland has 47.457% share of export in countrys GDP. Therefore, it can be assessed that growth of export of goods and services is more in Vietnam compared to Poland. Import share of Vietnam in 2014 was 83.13% whereas; the import of goods and services in Poland is 46.169%. During 2014, current account balance of Vietnam was US$9.353 billion and that of Poland is US$11.124 bn. Vietnam was in better position in terms of current account balance in trade. Major components of export of both the countries are agricultural product, fuels and mining products and manufacturers. Between the two countries, Vietnam export more agricultural products compared to Poland. Vietnam has 17.6% agricultural share in total export, whereas; Poland has that of 14.2%. Share of manufacturing products in export is 73.9% in Vietnam while Poland has 77.6% share of manufacturing product in export. Poland mainly specialises in manufacturing products. Germany is the major trading partner of Poland for export. During 2014, Poland imported mostly the crude petroleum, vehicle parts, cars and computers (Gandolfo, 2014). On the other hand Vietnam is mostly agrarian economy. Rice and rubbers are main agricultural products that are exported from Vietnam. As mentioned by Seretis Tsaliki (2015), a country enjoys absolute advantage in trade when cost of producing a good or service is low in that country compared to other countries. A country is said to have absolute advantage in producing a unit of good if it uses less number of inputs in producing that good. However, as the data on input use per unit of production is not available, absolute advantage can be evaluated from yield/hectare. Total production of a product in a country tells about the absolute advantage. It can be assumed that the country, which has lower cost of production, enjoys absolute advantage in production (Gandolfo, 2014). Poland has absolute advantage in production of potatoes, and millets as total production and yield per hectare are greater in this country compared to Vietnam. On the other hand, Vietnam has absolute advantage in production of roots and tubers, maize and total cereals. The yield value tells about the productive capacity of a country (Feenstra, 201 5). If it can be assumed that same number of inputs is used by the country, then absolute advantage will be there, where yield per hectare is higher. Comparative Advantage A country has comparative advantage in production if it can produce a particular product at lower marginal and opportunity cost compared to other country (Cuat Melitz, 2012). Opportunity cost in production prevails if a country is able to produce a unit of product at lower input cost compared to other country. As the input data is not available in the table, product price can be used in the analysis of opportunity cost. The product price reflects the input cost. Product price is lower if the input cost is lower. The product price in the table 2 reflects combining cost of capital and labour (Johnson, 2013). Poland has the capacity to supply sugar beet at UD$40.2, whereas, Vietnam do the same at $43.7. Then it can be said that Poland has comparative advantage in sugar beet production. For the other agricultural products such as chicory roots, carrots and turnip, potatoes and oats, price per unit is less in Poland. Cost of producing those goods are more in Vietnam compared to Poland. However, production pattern is different for the two countries. From the data table, it can be seen that Vietnam can produce sugarcane at lowest cost. Therefore, it can be assessed that Poland can enjoys lowest opportunity cost in sugar beet production and Vietnam has lowest opportunity cost in sugarcane production compared to other goods (Levchenko Zhang, 2016). Hence, while trading with other countries, Poland should produce and export more of sugar beet and Vietnam should produce more sugar cane. Factor Endowment, Trade and Income Distribution Heckscher-Ohline Model The Heckscher Ohline model says that a country exports that product, which it can produce by using abundant and cheaper factor. This country should import the goods which uses the scarce factor in production. The major factors of production are land, labour and capital. Land is primary input in agricultural production (Kawagishi Mino, 2016). It can be seen from table 4 that Poland has 144100 mn hectare agricultural lands which is 47.059% of the total land available in the country. Vietnam has 108737 mn hectare agricultural lands, which comprises 35.068% of the total land of the country. It can be said that opportunity of agriculture is more in Poland in terms of availability of land. However, labour in an important factor in agricultural production. Vietnam is labour abundant country compared to Poland as Vietnam has greater number of active labour force compared to Poland. As labour is abundant in Vietnam, it is cheaper to use in production. Table 4 shows that Poland is capital abundant country being a developed nation and Vietnam is capital scare country being a developing nation. Therefore, according to Heckscher- /Ohline model, Vietnam needs to specialise in agricultural production and Poland needs to specialise in manufacturing goods. The trade pattern of both countries shows that Poland and Vietnam follows the Heckscher- /Ohline model. Major export goods of Vietnam are rice, coffee whereas Poland specialises in manufacturing goods such as machinery and equipment, textile and footwear and metal products. However, as seen in modern trade globally, countries produces little amount of that product in which it has no specialisation in order to meet domestic demand (Iwasa Nishimura, 2014). Therefore, both the country produces products in which they have incomplete specialisation. Poland has exception in trade pattern as it imports those goods which use the abundant factor such as capital in this country. The reason may be that importing those products may give the country comparative advantage. Stolper- Samuelson Model Stolper Samuelson theory of trade says that under constant economies of scale and perfect competition between two countries, an increase in the relative price of a good will increase the return to the factor, which is intensively used in production and vice-versa (Luttmer, 2013). Therefore, from the trade pattern of Poland and Vietnam, it can be said that if relative price of agricultural product rises in the international market in comparison to the manufacturing product, wage rate in this country will rise. Rise in agricultural price will increase GDP of the country and demand for labour will rise (Backhouse, 2015). Terms of trade of Vietnam will increase in favour of Vietnam. Therefore, the price of labour such as wage will increase in Vietnam. On the other hand, if price of manufacturing product rises in the international market, the price of capital such as interest rate will increase as requirement for capital/ labour is more in case of manufacturing products. Therefore, return to capital in Poland is likely to rise. New Trade Theory Economies of Scale According to modern trade theory, economies of scale exist in international trade, if a country is able to produce a product at a large scale with the lowest cost compared to any other country (Feenstra, 2015). From table 2, it can be assessed that using the available agricultural land, Vietnam is able to produce 50178717 tonnes of cereals with a yield of 55774 kg per hectare while Poland can produce 31945433 units of cereals. Vietnam has economies of scale in agricultural production and especially the cereals. Production of cereals requires labour more intensively in production. Vietnam can use the abundant factor labour in cereal production. Hence, it can be said that Vietnam has economies of scale in cereal production whereas; Poland has economies of scale in manufacturing goods production along with potato and millet production (Johnson, 2013). However, in the ASEAN market, Vietnam enjoys some extent of market power in rice production and export as it has economies of scale in ri ce production. Table 5 Country 1:Poland Country 2:Vietnam Product Domestic consumption (tone) Exports(tone) Product Domestic consumption (tone) Exports (tone) Potatoes 7792248 103068 Mesline flour 1800000 113544 Roots and tubers,total 7689203 23 Corn 7140000 400000 Maize 475258 284055 Rice 1500000 6500000 Cereal Total 31970162 24729 Wheat 1900000 0 Millet 51860 2173 Coffee 2025 per 1000 bags 14.5 million bags Source: export.gov.il, 2014 Imperfect Competition and Market Power In the international trade, imperfect competition and market power exists, if a country supplies goods at a large scale in the international market. If no other country can produce that good at the same or more scale, then that said country enjoys a significant amount market power (Gandolfo, 2014). When country enjoys market power in the international market, it regulates the global price for that product due to having monopoly power. An example of market power is OPEC country, which regulates the crude oil price. The country having market power in the presence of imperfect competition regulates the price by increasing or decreasing the supply of products. In the present analysis, there is no imperfect competition between Poland and Vietnam. Competition exists between the two countries as both uses the same factors in the production although having differences in factor endowment. Although Poland enjoys comparative advantage in manufacturing goods production and Vietnam enjoys that in selected agricultural goods production, no one specialises in any single product. Both the countries have diversified trade pattern. Therefore, export and import combination of two countries comprises both the agricultural and manufacturing products. Hence, no one faces imperfect competition in the market or enjoys any market power in bilateral trade (Cuat Melitz, 2012). Among the top five countries producing agricultural goods, United states enjoy significant market power in Almond production. Total volume of trade is highest for United States with 37.7% market share. Though US have no monopoly power, it has power to influence market price of Almond in the international market. As it is supplies largest amount of almond in the market, reduction is almond production in US can reduce the price of this production in the global market. In comparison, Iran and Morocco has little power to influence the price as they have only 5.2% and 5.1% market share. References Backhouse, R. E. (2015). Revisiting Samuelson's Foundations of Economic Analysis.Journal of Economic Literature,53(2), 326-350. Cuat, A., Melitz, M. J. (2012). Volatility, labor market flexibility, and the pattern of comparative advantage.Journal of the European Economic Association,10(2), 225-254. export.gov.il (2014). Grain and Feed Annual. export.gov.il/. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from https://www.export.gov.il/uploadfiles/07_2014/grain%20and%20feed%20annual_hanoi_vietnam_4-8-2014_1.pdf Feenstra, R. C. (2015).Advanced international trade: theory and evidence. Princeton university press. Gandolfo, G. (2014). Introduction to International Trade Theory and Policy. InInternational Trade Theory and Policy(pp. 3-7). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Iwasa, K., Nishimura, K. (2014). Dynamic two?country HeckscherOhlin model with externality.International Journal of Economic Theory,10(1), 53-74. Johnson, H. G. (2013).International Trade and Economic Growth (Collected Works of Harry Johnson): Studies in Pure Theory. Routledge. Kawagishi, T., Mino, K. (2016). Time Preference and Income Convergence in a Dynamic HeckscherOhlin Model.Review of International Economics. Levchenko, A. A., Zhang, J. (2016). The evolution of comparative advantage: Measurement and welfare implications.Journal of Monetary Economics,78, 96-111. Luttmer, E. G. (2013). The Stolper-Samuelson effects of a decline in aggregate consumption.Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Working Paper, (703). Seretis, S. A., Tsaliki, P. V. (2015). Absolute Advantage and International Trade Evidence from Four Euro-zone Economies.Review of Radical Political Economics, 0486613415603160.

Business and Corporations Law Law Principles

Question: Describe about the Business and Corporations Law for Law Principles. Answer: 1. Issue The central issue in the given situation is to ascertain if the parties actually intended to enter into legal relations for the enforcement of mutual obligations. This is imperative as this is a key requirement for the enactment of a valid and enforceable contract and that too in cases where the parties are inter-related. Richards claim on the weekly allowance of $ 200 would essentially depend on the enforceability of the contract in view of the relevant case law. Law In order to ensure that a valid contract be enacted between the parties, there are a host of conditions that need compliance with. Firstly, there has to be a legal acceptance derived on the basis of valid exchange of offer and acceptance driven by mutual consent and free will. The other elements which are pivotal for contract enactment are the presence of legal consideration along with the capacity of the parties to enter into a contractual relationship. Yet, another relevant pre-requisite is the intention on the part of parties involved to enter into a legal relation and thereby ensure that in case of breach, legal intervention could be sought to ensure discharge of contractual obligation (Carter, 2012). This is a key requirement which has immense significance as all promises or agreements are not legal contracts as they are not meant to be bound by law but rather on moral grounds. For instance, there may be an agreement between two friends with regards to going to the theater and in such case if one of the parties does not decide to turn, the other party surely would not drag the defaulting party to the court for relief. Hence, the key element that is found missing in such agreements is the intention to create legal relations by the concerned parties. Such kind of moral promises which lack legal sanctity are quite common in case of domestic and social agreements. As a result, it is imperative to distinguish agreements that are entered into in trade and those which are essentially domestic and social agreements (Davenport Parker, 2014). In the verdict of the Belfour v Belfour (1919) 2 KB 571, it was established that in case of domestic and social arrangements, if the intention on the part of the parties involved to be legally bound could be clearly established beyond doubt, then only such intentions would be inferred to be present or else the default assumption in such cases to begin with would be that no such intention is present. A leading case in this regard is the Jones v Padavatton (1969) 1 WLR 328case (Paterson, Robertson Duke,2015). As per the relevant case details, Mrs Jones promised her daughter Mrs Padavatton to compensate her at the rate of $ 200 every month in case she agreed to move to London to become a lawyer. The daughter was reluctant to accept the offer as she was working in US but eventually agreed to the offer due to constant persuasion of her mother. The mother expected that after studying law, her daughter could work with her in Trinidad. However, there were disputes between the two parties at the initial stages only with regards to the currency of the denomination with the daughter ending up as the aggrieved party (Gibson Fraser, 2014). In order to improve the situation, the mother purchased a huge house for her daughter so that she could earn additional income by rending the rooms that were lying vacant. However, after some time the daughter got married and she left her law studies incomplete. The mother claimed that since the daughter failed to complete her legal studies, hence the house possession should no longer be with the daughter. The court in the case presented opined that the nature of the agreement between the parties was of domestic nature and hence governed by the presumption that the parties do not intent to bind each other in legal relations since nothing contrary has been brought forward explicitly which indicates the opposite to be true (Pendleton Vickery, 2005). Application The given situation needs to be analysed in the wake of the decision taken in the Jones v Padavatton (1969) 1 WLR 328case. As per the relevant case facts, Richard and his father have entered into an agreement whereby Richard is required to mow the yards (both front and back) present on the property owned by the family and ensure that the tidy state of the gardens. Considering that the property size was huge, it would take atleast half a day every week to discharge his obligations in return of which, he would receive a compensation of $ 200 weekly. This work was previously being performed by the garden contractor who used to charge $ 350 for the same amount of work. The father later could not afford making the promised weekly payment ordered that Richard should give his services for free as it the responsibility of the family members for keeping property well maintained and tidy. Besides, he also indicated that by ensuring Richards stay in the house, he was able to gain access to boar ding and lodging absolutely free of cost. There is no evidence in the situation to deny the presumption that with regards to the promise, there was lack of intention on the end of the parties so as to enter into legal relations considering the fact that it is a domestic agreement. Thus, in the absence of intention to make legal relations, the given contract is not enforceable and hence Richard cannot demand payment of $ 200 weekly allowance citing their agreement. Conclusion From the above arguments, it is evident that there is no enforceable contract for Richard and thus he cannot claim the weekly allowance promised by his father for his services. 2. Issue To opine on the potential remedies that Frere Bros may avail for the conduct of Joe which effectively amounts to breach of contract. Rule In accordance with relevant provisions of contract law, breach of contract refers to a situation when one of the parties to the contract fails to discharge the contractual obligations bestowed upon by the contract. The extent and nature of breach of contract can vary from case to case (Gibson Fraser, 2014).. With regards to breach of contract by the defaulting party, the innocent party or the party which discharges its contractual obligations has access to certain remedies that are discussed below. Damages In accordance with the contract law terminology, damages may be defined as the loss incurred by the innocent party due to the breach of contract by the defaulting party. The practice of paying damages as compensation to the innocent party is also well captured in the common law as apparent from the verdict of the Addis v Gramophone (1909). The primary intent behind authorizing damages is to ensure that the valid interests of the innocent party are protected and to ensure that the incidence of breach of contract remains within check. In case of damages arising from contract breach, then also compensation is one aspect while punishment to the defaulter is also another significant purpose (Taylor Taylor, 2015). This is imperative considering the incidence and significance of contractual relationships in trade and commerce which need to be complied with. When the damages are awarded to the innocent party, the court does not take into consideration the paying capacity of the defaulting p arty and the damages are directly driven by ascertaining the extent of loss caused to the innocent party due to contract breach (Carter, 2012). Specific Performance This is another remedy which is available in the event of contract being breached. As per this, the court orders the defaulting party to perform the specific acts that it had to perform as per the contract and it failed to perform as indicted by the verdict in the Nutbrown v Thornton, (1805) case. This order is granted by the court in which the court either prompts a particular action or restrains the defaulting party from indulging into a particular activity. Specific performance as a remedy is readily deployed for the fulfillment of any transaction that was previously established. This remedial action empirically has been quite useful in safeguarding the valid contractual interests of the innocent party as adequate compensation derivation is not possible in each case (Davenport Parker, 2014). Specific performance remedy is deployed by court only under the specific cases when the damage alone would not be able to provide justice and relief to the interests of the innocent party. Ho wever, in cases, where the contract terms are of ambiguous nature, the court may refuse to grant specific performance as it is difficult to ascertain the contours of contractual obligations objectively. Thus, in cases, where specific performance remedy may lead to defaulting party undergoing annual hardship, then the court may exercise its discretionary powers to denial grant of the same. However, never the less, the remedy of specific performance is a key tool for safeguarding the legitimate interests of the innocent party in cases where damages may not suffice adequately to uphold equity and fairness (Pathinayake, 2014). Injunction Yet another remedy which may be available in cases of breach of contract is injunction. As indicated in the verdict of the Lumley v Wagner (1852), injunction refers to the court orders where the defaulting party should discontinue a particular practice in the present and also ensure that the same practice is not repeated in the future till the expiry of the contract (Pendleton Vickery,2005). The two major types of injunction that could be utilized are the mandatory injunction and the interlocutory injunction. Interlocutory injunction is an interim measure for ensuring the contracts subject matter is maintained while the matter is still under litigation and the final orders have not been passed. Mandatory injunction refers to the final court order which directs the actions to be taken by the defaulting party (Paterson, Robertson Duke, 2015). Application As per the relevant case facts, Frere Bros has executed an enforceable contract with Joe who happens to be a renowned film actor. As per the contract, for a period of five years, Joe cannot work with any other company except Frere Bros. As a result, he could not entertain films produced by other companies or production houses before the contract does not come to an end. However, during the contract period, Joe signed a film with a company other than Frere Bros and hence caused a breach of contract. The list of remedies that Frere Bros has to its disposal has been discussed in the earlier section. Clearly, one of the obvious options could be damages and in case it does not suffice, then the court order could sanction either a specific performance or an injunction. Here, the major problem is the fact that Joe is doing a film with other producers which he is not supposed to do. Hence, a remedy is required by the innocent party i.e. Frere Bros so as to ensure that the defaulting party i. e. Joe does not work with other companies in the present and also in the future till the contract expires. Therefore, the most suitable remedy for Frere Bros considering the case facts would be injunction. Conclusion Based on the arguments presented with regards to the current situation and the set of remedies available with Frere Bros, it is prudent that they should aim for injunction which is the most suitable one under the current circumstances as currently the film with the other company has not been produced, thus damage does not make sense in this case. References Books Carter, J 2012, Contract Act in Australia, 3rd eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney Davenport, S Parker, D 2014, Business and Law in Australia, 2nd eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney Gibson, A Fraser, D 2014. Business Law, 8th eds., Pearson Publications, Sydney Paterson, J, Robertson, A Duke, A 2015, Principles of Contract Law, 5th eds., Thomson Reuters, Sydney Pathinayake, A 2014, Commercial and Corporations Law, 2nd eds., Thomson-Reuters, Sydney Pendleton, W Vickery, N 2005. Australian business law: principles and applications, 5th eds., Pearson Publications, Sydney Taylor, R Taylor, D 2015, Contract Law, 5th eds., Oxford University Press, London Case Law Addis v Gramophone[1909] AC 488 Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 Jones v Padavatton [1969] 1 WLR 328 Lumley v Wagner (1852) 42 ER 687 Nutbrown v Thornton (1805) 10 Ves 159